关于重阳节的来历和习俗
关于重阳节的来历和习俗
The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. It usually falls in October in the Gregorian calendar. In an ancient and mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, number "6" was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive. So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival. Chong in Chinese means "double." Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify "forever", both are "Jiu Jiu," the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. That's why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.
农历九月九日，为传统的重阳节。因为古老的《易经》中把“六”定为阴数，把“九”定为阳数，九月九日，日月并阳，两九相重，故而叫重阳，也叫重九，古人认为是个值得庆贺的吉利日子，并且从很早就开始过此节日。
The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Height Ascending Festival". The height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower. Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity. Even today, people still swarm to famous or little known mountains on this day.
在古代，民间在重阳有登高的风俗，故重阳节又叫“登高节”。相传此风俗始于东汉。唐代文人所写的登高诗很多，大多是写重阳节的习俗;杜甫的七律《登高》，就是写重阳登高的名篇。登高所到之处，没有划一的规定，一般是登高山、登高塔。
On this day, people will eat Double Ninth Gao (or Cake). In Chinese, gao (cake) has the same pronunciation with gao (height). People do so just to hope progress in everything they are engaged in. There is no fixed ways for the Double Ninth Cake, but super cakes will have as many as nine layers, looking like a tower.
在这一天，人们还有吃“重阳糕”的习俗。在汉语里，“糕”与“高”同音，”，人们会用“吃糕”代替“登高”，祝愿百事俱高。重阳糕又称花糕、菊糕、五色糕，制无定法，较为随意。最高的有九层，像一个塔。
The Double Ninth Festival is also a time when chrysanthemum blooms. China boasts diversified species of chrysanthemum and people have loved them since ancient times. So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes a key activity on this festival. Also, people will drink chrysanthemum wine. Women used to stick such a flower into their hair or hang its branches on windows or doors to avoid evilness.
重阳节正是一年的金秋时节，菊花盛开，民间还把农历九月称为“菊月”，在菊花傲霜怒放的重阳节里，观赏菊花成了节日的一项重要内容，当然，人们也会喝一些菊花酒。女人会把茱萸插在头上或挂在门口，可以避难消灾。
In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors' Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities will organize an autumn trip each year for those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day.
今天的重阳节，被赋予了新的含义，在1989年，我国把每年的九月九日定为老人节，传统与现代巧妙地结合，成为尊老、敬老、爱老、助老的老年人的节日。全国各机关、团体、街道，往往都在此时组织从工作岗位上退下来的老人们秋游赏景，或临水玩乐，或登山健体，让身心都沐浴在大自然的怀抱里;不少家庭的晚辈也会搀扶着年老的长辈到郊外活动或为老人准备一些可口的饮食。
上海重阳节的食俗
在上海，重阳节吃重阳糕!重阳糕是上海和江浙一带的传统名点。相传，重阳节饮菊花酒、吃糕的风俗始于汉代。据《西京杂记》载：“汉武帝宫人贾佩兰，九月九佩茱萸、食饵，饮菊花酒”。在唐代曾有“中秋方过近重阳，又见花糕各处忙。面夹双层多枣粟，当筵题句傲刘郎”的诗句。它说明在唐代重阳节吃花糕已很盛行。
重阳糕，北方最早叫“花糕”，是用糯米(或黍米等)制成的节令美食，因糕上插有各种花色而得名。在上海和江浙一带称为“重阳糕”，用米粉制成红、绿、白等5种颜色，再配以果仁制成。
有关重阳节的习俗，在《续齐谐记》中记载着这样一段故事：东汉时，“汝南桓景随费长房游学累年，长房谓之曰：九月九日汝家当有灾厄，急宜去。令家人各作绛囊，盛茱萸以及系臂登高饮菊酒，此祸可消。”此后世人每至九月初九出游登高，饮菊花酒，佩戴茱萸以避邪恶，另外还要吃一种用蓬草与黍米制成的叫蓬饵的米糕。到了唐朝，米糕制作技艺日臻精良，品种繁多，许多地方都有蒸花糕的习俗。
这里说五代后周时，开封地方有一个糕团店老板，因为卖糕发了财，就花钱捐了个员外郎，人称花糕员外。他店里的花糕名称也特别精巧动听，有满天星、水晶龙凤糕、紫云糕、米锦糕等等。尤其到了重阳日，还在这些花糕上插上五彩小旗，招揽顾客，馈赠亲友，作为登高远游的食品。由于糕与高同音，后来有些城里人就在重阳节这天把吃糕来代替登高了。从此，重阳吃花糕的习俗一直沿袭至今。
上海人吃的重阳糕，是选用糯米粉与粳米粉，按3：7的配比调合，加适量水拌成细粒状、蒸熟，再加入白糖，芝麻、桂花、枣泥、瓜仁、青丝、红丝等，捏成菱角形，或用模子涂上油、压成各种形状而成的。据稻香村食品厂厂长池向东介绍：糕点铺每年重阳节都做花糕，实际是富强粉烤制的两层酥皮点心、中间夹枣泥馅，有桂圆馅等。
重阳节别称
1、重九节
因为古老的《易经》中把“六”定为阴数，把“九”定为阳数，九月九日，日月并阳，两九相重，故而叫重阳，也叫重九节。
2、踏秋
重阳又称“踏秋”，与三月三日“踏春”相对应。依据传统，重阳这天所有亲人都要一起登高“避灾”，插茱萸、赏菊花，现代社会，很多传统在变化，但是重阳登高依然盛行。
3、女儿节
重阳节又名“女儿节”，若有女子新出嫁，娘家必赠送重阳旗与时鲜盒，称为送“重阳节盒”。据晋代《搜神记》记载，丁氏女遭恶婆婆虐待，永无休息之日，不堪忍受折磨，于九月九悬梁自尽，死后冤魂不散，托告世人，劝人家善待媳妇，请于重阳节让她们休息。于是人们为丁氏女立祠祭祀。后来每逢重阳节，父母都要把出嫁的女儿接回来团聚，称之为过女儿节，实质上也是让妇女休息之意。
4、登高节
重阳最重要的节日活动之一，即是登高。故重阳节又叫“登高节”。登高所到之处，没有划一的规定，一般是登高山、登高塔。
5、菊花节
菊是长寿之花，又为文人们赞美作凌霜不屈的象征，所以人们爱它、赞它，故常举办大型的菊展。菊展自然多在重阳举行，因为菊与重阳关系太深了;因此，重阳又称菊花节，而菊花又称九花。赏菊也就成了重阳节习俗的组成部分。